The Timeline as a pyramid scheme

We always do this with assessment; we frequently to do it in our course material. Our tests/assignments/exercises attempt to teach (or enforce) a larger amount of knowledge than fits into the moment. You still have to do all of the reading, even if we don’t cover it in class. Next week’s test will cover X amount of material, but only ask Y questions. If you knew which questions those were, you could save a lot of time… but you don’t.

One of the things that happens with Web 2.0 is that teachers get all starry-eyed thinking that we’ll be able to use the same old pyramid trick, but with carrots instead of sticks. Instead of getting students to do work by holding them accountable in a traditional sense, we are going to motivate them to cover that ground by sheer coolness. Except that, oops, guess what — students are really good at telling the difference between work and… not-work. Sigh.

Today’s survey results fall on both sides of this question. Since I want to work with four questions from the survey for this point, I’m posting them as images rather than listing the results.

I learned more information researching my post than I posted to the timeline.

Nobody disagreed with this; out of a total of 18 respondents in the two courses, only 3 people were even neutral on this point. This is a classic example of a successful pyramid scheme assignment. It’s also the locus of some of the most active critical thinking around the assignment. Pick a topic, explore it broadly, narrow the field, select the pertinent information, synthesize, post. Fantastic.

Now, the story of that extra information doesn’t end there, however, and I think it would be less successful if it did. By having the students present their timeline posts in class, a lot of the extra information that didn’t make it into the little 150-word post DOES get communicated as part of this presentation, in which the students usually describe their research trajectory as well as their conclusions. Hence our next question(s)….

I learned a lot from other students’ posts during class presentations. / Presenting and discussing timeline posts was a productive in-class activity.

I’ve lumped these two together for discussion. Again, the responses are globally quite positive. Less than a quarter of the students disagreed with this statement, about a quarter of the students were neutral, and slightly over 50% agreed or strongly agreed. I think, too, that these questions are impacted by student attitudes towards peers as a reliable source of information. Students who only listen attentively when the instructor is speaking, and tune out the rest, are not likely to glean much benefit from this format. It should be noted, however, that I am very active during these presentations – in between each one I usually speak for a few minutes, expanding or linking the information presented to the course material at large. I use them as a dialogical framework for information that I might otherwise present as straight lecture.

I learned a lot from other students’ posts outside of class.

What is surprising about this question is that anyone responded in the affirmative at all. Before we implemented the list view on February 14 (3 weeks into the semester) there was no way to identify new posts whatsoever. The list view was an imperfect, but at least functional indicator of recent activity. However, it wasn’t until we put in the color coded new entry function on March 20 that we had a true, visual representation of recent activity, one that was visible on the timeline (and so in context.)

Because there was no real way to monitor recent activity, the only accountability I imposed for reading classmates’ posts was that duplicate posts were marked down. In other words, check and make sure someone else didn’t get there first. This was much more of a factor for the cinema class than the literature class, because they were researching narrower topics (New Wave films, for example) and because there were more students.

I’m unsure whether I want to implement greater accountability for peer information in the next round. The question of quality control becomes much more pressing if the students are to be held accountable for the information. I like the in-class presentations, and I think that the visible “what’s new” function is going to increase the level of browsing. I can easily imagine a different subject area or assignment format, however, where an instructor might want to hold students accountable for the timeline information.

Survey results and learning styles

Two questions on the survey targeted the issue of learning styles. I was trying to get a sense of where students situated themselves in relationship to this style of presentation of information.

I prefer traditional lecture as a source of contextual information.

This question got the most uniformly diverse response of any of the questions. For the larger class, results were exactly symmetrical – 1 person strongly agreed, 1 strongly disagreed, 3 people agreed, 3 people disagreed, and 6 people checked “neutral”. For the literature class, there was one response per category for all but “strongly agree”.

I find it interesting that the same person who indicated that they strongly preferred traditional lecture also provided the most negative responses in other areas. (see my response to their comment here.)

I consider myself a visual or kinesthetic learner.

This was surprising. According to the VARK project, approximately one third of the population has a visual or kinesthetic learning preference. However, in response to this survey, two-thirds (9) of the cinema students either agreed or strongly agreed with this statement. 4 students were neutral, one student disgreed. For the literature class, 3 of the 4 students strongly agreed with this statement (the 4th student checked “neutral”.) So, the number of students in these classes who consider themselves to be visual or kinesthetic learners was twice as high as what the VARK would have predicted.

However, contrary to my normal practice, I did not ask students this semester to take the VARK survey at the beginning. Over a third of the students have worked with this survey with me in the past; others may have encountered it with other professors. But there was no systematic approach to diagnosing or defining student learning styles at the beginning of the semester, other than my own overtly expressed attempts to cater to all learning styles in my teaching. At the same time, the subject matter itself may have biaised the sample towards visual learners – a course on cinema – and all four of the literature students have worked with me before.

From our grant proposal:

Current research into learning styles indicates that students with a preference for visual and/or kinesthetic modes of information presentation make up approximately one third of the population. These students are typically disadvantaged in higher education compared to students with a strong textual preference, or students with strong aural abilities – the two modes of information presentation that dominate in the traditional classroom. Visual and kinesthetic learners, however, will struggle in this environment. The timeline module will improve the learning experience for these students by providing them with the information they need in the format that they understand and retain the most quickly and easily. It will also enable professors who do not normally (because of their own learning styles) present in a kinesthetic or visual format to better support these students.

An important next step for testing in the Fall would be to diagnose learning styles at the beginning of the course, before the assignment itself has influenced their perception.

Comparison of two courses

I’m going to start posting the survey results to the blog. It seems unmanageable to post it all at once, so I will take it a few questions at a time, to allow for analysis and discussion. In order for this analyis to make sense, however, I need to begin by outlining the differences between the way the timeline was used in the two courses. These differences had a measureable impact on the survey results, and I will be referring to them frequently.

The principle thing I would like to highlight here from the very beginning is that the timeline assignment was more fully integrated into the literature class than into the cinema class. As we will see from the survey, this did not result in a failed assignment in the cinema class. It could, however, explain the less uniform response from the students in the cinema course. At the same time, it is also important to note that because of the amount of time a show-and-tell session can take with 17 students, it was much less practical to assign the timeline every week in the cinema course, whereas with 4 students, this was quite effective in the literature course.

Unruly Time

Talking with a colleague in the biological sciences, I encountered a new wrinkle. We have already discussed the question of representing historical time vs. fictional time in the context of my courses. (we haven’t solved it, but we’ve discussed it!)

However, the needs of my colleague are somewhat different. On the one hand, she could use the timeline to represent the history of science, and sees that as a useful and practical supplement to her course material. On the other hand, however, and this is the part she found more exciting — it could be used to represent a particular process or reaction, something that might be measured in seconds or tenths of seconds. The thing is, while the timeline would quite easily accomodate one or the other, it will not so effectively represent both on the same line, because our “zoom” level is fixed, not adjustable. Furthermore, the events from the history of science DO have an absolute date — something was discovered in 1984, for example, and not in 2006 — whereas the specific process to be studied does not have an exact date. It exists IN time, but not at any one specific time. Arbitrarily assigning it a specific time is only an acceptable solution if it is not then coexisting with real-time events.

This got me back to thinking about the idea of having multiple timelines within a course, for different kinds of time, for different processes, for different student projects, etc.  Then the question of how these different lines might interact (or not) comes up — should they be combinable? Could you import events from one to another? Private/public?

Addictive vs. paralyzing

The timeline doesn’t seem to be such a good tool for big questions – except, how big a question seems to you has more to do with your knowledge base going into the matter than it does with any absolute measure. So the things that are the hardest for me to post about are the things that I know the MOST about. On the other hand, it’s an absolute gas to hunt down new bits and put them up. As a way of encouraging and organizing discovery, it seems delightful to me. As a way of writing a history book, it seems very cumbersome.

The best posts seem to start off in the texts we are reading. So, for example, a student might try to find out what Emma’s dress would have actually looked like, beyond merely reading Flaubert’s description. Then this question leads one on an information boomerang, as they verify and explore. By the time the information is condensed into a post, it might be somewhat removed from the point of departure. At that point, the best posts tie everything back together, bringing the context back to the text.

So, take a picture and some facts, briefly introduce the phenomenon, and then tie it directly to something from the course. What Hugo thought about capital punishment, for example:

chain_gang1.jpg

Choosing an interesting fact, and packaging it in a pertinent way, and checking sources so that you don’t post something invented by deranged net varmints – these demand the kind of critical reading and evaluation of information that we hope to be teaching in all of our classes. Fabulous.

We have a new collaborator!

As part of our mission to bring manna to the masses, we have a new collaborator! Overwhelmed with the massive amounts of coolness emanating from the timeline wall in Olin 305, another humanities professor has asked to be part of the beta phase of this project. We’ve set him up with a timeline on his course CLEo site, and await further developments with aplomb, interspersed with enthusiastic hops. Up and down. In a decorous, professorial manner, of course.